661 was a year that echoed with change in the Early Middle Ages. It witnessed pivotal shifts in the nascent Muslim world, marking the end of the Rashidun Caliphate and the dawn of a new era.
661 was a year that echoed with change in the Early Middle Ages. It witnessed pivotal shifts in the nascent Muslim world, marking the end of the Rashidun Caliphate and the dawn of a new era.