Brachydactyly describes a condition characterized by unusually short fingers or toes compared to typical healthy digit lengths, often hereditary. It results from shortened bones within the digits, impacting the structure of the hand or foot from birth. This condition is primarily a genetic disorder, with various types (A, B, C, D, E) identified based on which phalanges are affected. Type A typically involves shortening of the middle phalanges, Type B affects terminal phalanges and often causes nail abnormalities, Type C primarily shortens middle and proximal phalanges of the index and middle fingers, Type D refers to a short thumb, and Type E involves short metacarpals or metatarsals. While often occurring in isolation, brachydactyly can also be a symptom of broader syndromes, such as Down Syndrome or Turner Syndrome. The shortening can range from mild to severe and may affect functional aspects like grip, though it is frequently a cosmetic concern.
