Fermat's Last Theorem states that no three positive integers $a, b, c$ can satisfy the equation $a^n + b^n = c^n$ for any integer $n$ greater than 2. Proposed by Pierre Fermat in 1637, this simple assertion became one of the most famous unsolved problems in Number Theory. Its eventual proof by Andrew Wiles in 1994, building on centuries of work, was a monumental achievement.