Hyperparathyroidism

+Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where the [parathyroid](/wiki/parathyroid) [glands](/wiki/gland) create an excess of [parathyroid hormone](/wiki/parathyroid-hormone). This imbalance elevates [calcium](/wiki/calcium) levels in the blood, a condition known as [hypercalcemia](/wiki/hypercalcemia). This can lead to various health problems, including the weakening of [bone](/wiki/bone) tissue ([osteoporosis](/wiki/osteoporosis)), the formation of [kidney stones](/wiki/kidney-stone), and impaired [kidney](/wiki/kidney) function. Other symptoms may include fatigue, depression, increased thirst, and abdominal pain.

+The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is a benign [tumor](/wiki/tumor) (adenoma) on one of the parathyroid glands. Less frequently, it can be caused by enlargement of all four glands (hyperplasia) or, rarely, [cancer](/wiki/cancer). Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure calcium and parathyroid hormone levels. Treatment often involves [surgery](/wiki/surgery) (parathyroidectomy) to remove the overactive gland(s), which can cure the condition. Medications may also be used for those who are not candidates for surgery.

+In contrast, [hypoparathyroidism](/wiki/hypoparathyroidism) is a rare condition characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormone, leading to abnormally low blood calcium levels ([hypocalcemia](/wiki/hypocalcemia)) and increased [phosphate](/wiki/phosphate) levels. This can result in symptoms such as muscle cramps, tingling sensations, spasms (tetany), and even seizures. Hypoparathyroidism is often a complication of [thyroid](/wiki/thyroid) or neck surgery, where the parathyroid glands are accidentally damaged or removed. Other causes include [autoimmune](/wiki/autoimmune) diseases or genetic factors. Treatment involves lifelong supplementation with [calcium](/wiki/calcium) and [Vitamin D](/wiki/vitamin-d) to maintain normal calcium levels and prevent symptoms. Sometimes, [magnesium](/wiki/magnesium) supplementation is also required.

+- [Hypocalcemia](/wiki/hypocalcemia)

+- [Endocrine](/wiki/endocrine)

+Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where the [parathyroid](/wiki/parathyroid) glands create an excess of parathyroid hormone. This imbalance elevates [calcium](/wiki/calcium) levels in the blood, potentially weakening bones and impairing kidney function.

+## See also

+- [Parathyroid](/wiki/parathyroid)

+- [Hormone](/wiki/hormone)

+- [Calcium](/wiki/calcium)