Layer 1

+Layer 1 denotes the foundational blockchain network, such as [Bitcoin](/wiki/bitcoin) or [Ethereum](/wiki/ethereum), that validates transactions and establishes its own [Consensus](/wiki/consensus) mechanism. It forms the immutable base layer upon which all other layers and applications are built, ensuring core security and decentralization. Higher layers, like [Layer 2](/wiki/layer_2) solutions, are designed to extend its functionality.

+## See also

+- [Blockchain](/wiki/blockchain)

+- [Scalability](/wiki/scalability)

+- [Decentralization](/wiki/decentralization)